Philip Tompkins Organizational Communicatin Imperatives :: essays research papers

Philip Tompkins' Organizational Communicatin Imperatives INTRODUCTION In the book Organizational Communication Imperatives, by Philip K. Tompkins, we are introduced to a chapter that deals with an organization that is held under high prestige by not only those who are employed by it, but by a country as well. This American organization is NASA, (National Aeronautical Space Administration), and although a very prestigious place to work, it is not free of its share of wrongdoing and counter productive ways. Ten years ago (1986), NASA was faced with its biggest catastrophe, The Challenger Explosion. This preventable event , which claimed the life of a crew of seven, left many questioning the ability of communication throughout NASA. The idea that a crucial element of the space shuttle, O-Rings, would pass inspection, although many scientists doubted the success of these, would be the ultimate cause of the crew's demise shortly after lift off. It seems these scientists' doubts were overlooked by a higher authority who gave the go ahead knowing the risk at stake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States Army, well known for its maintaining of order and conduct, has fallen into a most peculiar and shameful predicament due to lack of communication. The New York Times brought its readers to the attention that all was not right in the military. An organization that shares a similar prestige to that of NASA, an organization who has exemplified its leadership time and time again by becoming a force, so powerful, that it is sometimes considered to police the world, has fallen into a sex abuse scandal. It seems that several women have come forward to proclaim their mistreatment from various acts ranging from rape to verbal harassment instilled upon them by members of the military. These women feel, had there been a genuine form of organizational communication, the study of sending and receiving messages, they would not have fell victims' to such hideous crimes. Senator Barbara Boxer stated (New York Times 11/96) that the complaints made by the women who came forward immediately were lost somewhere along the line in an attempt to reach a higher authority, signifying a need for some type of restructure. STRENGTHS In the minds of many people today the United States Army Is considered to have one of the best structured organizational communication networks. This is based upon the specified code of conduct that the Army is underlyingly ruled by. This is upheld by the specific chain of command which is easily distinguished by rank and uniform. Strict punishment is carried out upon those who violate rules and conduct, commonly accepted by this organization. The authority figures, in the Army, set tasks, and relay a common purpose to all

Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Cconstructivism

Without going in to details, learning is† a permanent change in behavior.† (Burns, R, 1995) and can be gained through observation or interaction. These include behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. In this paper we are going to comprise and have personal reactions toward these three schools of thought. â€Å"Is there any best method in teaching English?†. This is the commonest question that English teachers raise. Most teachers try to be the best in their classrooms, but they even don't know how. Obviously, there is no best method to use in teaching English; we should take all of them in to consideration and manipulate the fruitful points. According to scholars in cognitivism and constructivism students are responsible for their own knowledge; experiences, cultural and social aspects are so important in constructing the knowledge and the teacher is a guider. In contrast to behaviorists who know humans as a programmed machine which achieve knowledge through repetition and conditioning. In my opinion, when learners think about an issue critically and have some ideas from different aspects to solve the problems, they understand the idea better, Thus, collaboration and interaction motivate the students; the motivated student has no time to devote to do other unrelated things in the classroom. Therefore, they can work in groups and have explanation or prediction and make sense of current experience. However, we can't deny the role of conditioning and repetition in learning another language. According to elements of observational learning students pay attention by marking and highlighting and as they memorize the knowledge they can remember it easily. â€Å"when individuals are learning a new behavior, they will learn it faster if they are reinforced correct response.† (Woolfolk, A, 2016). Reinforcement plays a really essential role in learning. When the teacher commends the students systematically they have more positive reactions toward their learning. As a teacher who works in ministry of education, I think behaviorism is more dominant at Iranian school. Students and their inner abilities, intelligence – according to multiple intelligence theory by Gardner – are ignored. The higher level the students are the less creativity and critical views they have. The cultural and social learning (authenticity) are ignored as well. Moreover, group working and collaborating play little role in Iranian schools. Students are not able to predict and organize their knowledge. As they are fed by the teacher they can't use the knowledge they know to understand the subject that they don't know. The focus is most on the operant conditioning and students are likely to memorize the knowledge rather than understand the point. The testing tools also are not that professional in order to evaluate students who are learning through constructivism and cognitivism. The materials which have been covered in the books are not powerful enough to juice up the students discovering abilities and help them to build their own knowledge. In conclusion, as I mentioned before none is superior to another. We have to recognize the advantages of each and use them appropriately. Teachers have to put both students' inner abilities and the effects of habit formation into consideration. But they have to help students to level up their intellectual abilities and build their own knowledge with previous experiences.

TOBACCO USE essays

TOBACCO USE essays In 1492 native Indians were smoking rolled up tobacco leaves. In the 16th century tobacco smoking spread to Europe. By the late 1800 tobacco tolled in paper called cigarettes were a major industry with billions being sold each year. Today there are many products that contain tobacco. Cigarettes and snuff are the most popular on the market. Cigarettes consist of tobacco rolled in papers that are flavored, and some with filters. Snuff that consists of thinly shredded raw tobacco air packed in containers to chew. Many leaders of the tobacco industry have yet to state that tobacco is an addicting drug. But in society today it is very convenient to purchase tobacco. With cigarettes a person can puff and inhale their lungs with smoke, and snuff a person must place in their mouths between your bottom lip and gum. Both are ingested into your bloodstream and can affect your body in different ways. Both uses of tobacco create oral fixation to the users. Such oral fixations are so controlling they can damage your body. With cigarettes it affects your lungs and throat. With snuff it affects your mouth, gums and throat. Both can cause bad breath. Both can stain your fingers and teeth the color yellow. Both can cause early ageing. Cigarette smoking can lead to cancer in many parts of the body, but not surprisingly most of the damage it does to the lungs. Chewing tobacco can lead to cancer of the lips and mouth. Most cigarette smokes would like to believe they could protect themselves from cancer just by using a holder or by switching to filter-tipped cigarrettes, cigar or a pipe. Unfortunately they cant. Chewing tobacco is even worse. The users of this believe that just because they are not inhaling it that they are safe as well. They are not. Two choices of tobacco use you inhale smoke or chew tobacco the effects are still severe. Both can cause disfigurement to the face, throat, and lu ...

Oaxaca 40 Words Essay

Oaxaca 40 Words Essay Oaxaca 40 Words Essay Words†¦ 1. Shoot- To take a picture with a camera at a certain angle. 2. Camcorder- a portable video camera and recorder 3. Editing- Prepare for publication by correcting considering or otherwise modifying it. 4. Tripod- a three legged stand made to set a video camera on 5. Pre-Production- Work done on a product, especially a film or broadcast program, before full-scale production begins. 6. Production- T he process of financial and administrative management involved in making a movie, play, or record. 7. Post-Production- work done on a film or recording after filming or recording has taken place. 8. Footage- Basically a recording 9. Aperture- The opening of somethin g 10. Auto exposure- A device that sets the exposure automatically on a camera or other piece of equipment. 11. Autofocus- An automatic focus on a object in the picture of a camera 12. Barn Doors- A hinged metal flap fitted to control the direction and intensity of it’s beem 13. Boom- A telescoping arm for a camera or microphone 14. Lavaliere- A small microphone hung around the neck of the us er 15. Camera Dolly- A s pecialised piece of filmmaking and television production equipment designed to create smooth c amera movements 16. Cutaway- A c utaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else. It is usually, although not always, followed by a cut back to the first s hot , when the cutaway avoids a jump cut. 17. Documentary- (of a movie, a television or radio program, or photography) using pictures or interviews with people involved in real events to provide a factual record or report. 18. Extreme Wide Shot- A shot so far away from someone that you can barely see them. 19. Close Up- A close shot or video of someone or something 20. Gaffer- The lighting of a production sho t. 21. Head Room- Between the depths of the subjects head and the top of the frame 22. Two Shot- When a frame encompasses the view of two people 23. One Shot- W hen the frame encompasses the view of one person 24. Lead Room- Space where dramatic energy is directe d 25. Composition- How the elements of an image are arranged 26. Pan- When you have a camera on a tripod and you turn it with the shot being straigh t. 27. Tilt- Aiming the camera at a different angle. 28. Teleprompter- A device that mounts to the front of the camera

Marketing Communications & Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Marketing Communications & Branding - Essay Example As part of analyzing the success story of ALDI, the company’s target market will be identified followed by examining the type of marketing communication tools the company is using to promote the corporate brand. After discussing the key external factors that may have affected ALDI’s brand, ways on how these factors could alter the company’s decision to select the best marketing communication tools will be tackled in details. The target market of ALDI includes people of all gender who are the price conscious, decision-maker, and purchaser of grocery products. Regardless of sexual orientation, financial standing in life, or educational background, the target market of ALDI includes people of all ages. In order to promote the ALDI brand to its target consumers, ALDI is using a wide-range of personal and non-personal communication channels such as company website, social networking sites, and mobile advertising (Grill, 2008). With the use of the company website, ALDI regularly reminds the people that ALDI as a company is a brand that offers affordable consumer products. This particular marketing strategy is effective in terms of keeping price conscious individuals loyal to the brand ALDI. As a result of having a positive experience with regards to the company’s product prices and the quality of customer services, it is the customers who share their personal experiences with other people. With regards to the company logo, initial ‘A’ in ALDI’s logo reminds the people that they can easily purchase a wide-range of affordable products simply by visiting the company’s store sites (ALDI, 2010 a). (See Logo below) Establishing a strong brand is important in terms of making the ALDI’s target consumers feel more associated and stay loyal with the brand. In line with this, public news report could either help increase or decrease the reputation of a brand such that a good publicity could encourage more buyers to stay loyal with the brand

Hyperglycemia vs. Hypoglycemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hyperglycemia vs. Hypoglycemia - Essay Example Homeostasis is the survival and preservation of a reasonably stable internal setting, such as body temperature. It is the tendency of an organism to establish stability within its internal environment or fluid matrix; and it is through metabolism that an organism maintains homeostasis (Smith p.792). Metabolism is made up of several processes that maintain the structure and molecular composition of a living organism in quasi-stable state, consisting of two interdependent phases – catabolism and anabolism (Nahle, no page number). Anabolism is the term used to describe the total number of chemical reactions involved in a synthesis; while catabolism happens when cells are also constantly involved in the breakdown of larger molecules. Catabolism has two purposes: 1. It releases the energy for anabolism and other work of the cell, and 2. It serves as a source of raw materials for anabolic processes (Curtis p.166). When there is an absolute or relative deficiency of the action of insulin, a simple protein composed of two peptide chains joined by disulfide bridges, at the surface of or within certain body cells, the metabolic disorder known as diabetes mellitus results, which is an inherited disease. In the absence of insulin, glucose is not changed to glycogen and stored within the liver but accumulates in the blood, simply known as hyperglycemia; and when this accumulated blood escapes into the urine, it is called glycosuria (Smith p.733). Insulin also affects the metabolism of fats and proteins. As the disease progresses, the derangements related to these two foodstuffs becomes clear. The biochemical derangements occasioned by the lack of insulin in a diabetic patient are dramatic ones. There are severe fluid and electrolytic disturbances, acidosis develops and death may occur in diabetic coma. Infection is a hazard for the

Long day's journey into night Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Long day's journey into night - Essay Example The writer depicts a family that is in jeopardy in all spheres and only has themselves to blame for the problems they are facing. The play, however, does not cover well the theme of gender. The writer has not used the characters effectively to cover this theme. It presents a family of three men and one woman who is the mother of the family. The play did not do well in including one woman in the play. It makes Mary oblivious of most of the things that happen in the family. When she comes home from the hospital, Tyrone receives her at the door with an embrace. Mary hears a cough from the other room, and she concludes that Edmund is having mere cold (O’Neill &King, 15). Tyrone nods in agreement with her conclusion but the actual problem is Tuberculosis. The other members of the family deny Mary access to information about the health of her son. Therefore, the writer has failed in the gender balance in the whole play. The play also fails in addressing the space for women in the characters. In act three, Mary and Cathleen come from the store, where they went to purchase morphine. They come home, and Mary is lonely because there is no company. She even stops Cathleen from going to prepare dinner because she does not want to be alone (O’Neill &King, 112). Mary also goes to get her drugs without the knowledge of the rest of the family. This is because the society views women as a group that should not find themselves in Mary’s condition. The boys on the other hand are alcoholics; they take alcohol and go home drunk just like James. This society denies the women the chance to make mistakes that happen but it is comfortable if men make the same mistakes. The issue of gender roles also is not addressed in a manner that presents the contemporary world. In the play, Cathleen prepares the meals of the family. This character eliminates the men from such roles, and this contradicts the actual